TURK Y-DNA
A 67-marker Y-DNA test analyzed by Family Tree DNA for Toni reveals the following - Locus/DYS/Alleles: 1/393/13; 2/390/25; 3/19(394)/17; 4/391/10; 5/385a/10; 6/385b/14; 7/426/12; 8/388/12; 9 /439/10; 10/389-1/13; 11/392/11; 12/389-2/30; 13/458/16; 14/459a/9; 15/459b/10; 16/455/11; 17/454/11; 18/447/23; 19/437/14; 20/448/20; 21/449/31; 22/464a/12; 23/464b/15; 24/464c/15; 25/464d/16; 26/460/11; 27/GATA H4/11; 28/YCAIIa/19; 29/YCAIIb/23; 30/456/15; 31/607/16; 32/576/17; 33/570/17; 34/CDYa/37; 35/CDYb/39; 36/442/13; 37/438/11; 38/531/11; 39/578/8; 40/395S1a/17; 41/395S1b/17; 42/590/8; 43/537/12; 44/641/10; 45/472/8; 46/406S1/12; 47/511/10; 48/425/12; 49/413a/22; 50/413b/22; 51/557/15; 52/594/10; 53/436/12; 54/490/12; 55/534/13; 56/450/8; 57/444/14; 58/481/25; 59/520/20; 60/446/12; 61/617/12; 62/568/11; 63/487/14; 64/572/11; 65/640/11; 66/492/12; 67/565/13.
Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation analyses have different values for: 3/19(394) - 18; 448 - 23; GATA H4 -12. Additional SMGF markers are 441/13; 445/12; 452/30; 462/11; 463/24; YGATA C4/23.
[SNP Test : SRY10831.2- [M173+ M198+ M207+ M124- M157- M343- M56- M87-]
Our Y-chromosome lineage follows as "Marker (age in years - geography)": M168 (50,000 - NE Africa)>M89 (45,000 - NE Africa/Middle East)>M9 (40,000 - Eurasia)>M45 (35,000 - Central Asia)>M173 (30,000 - Western Europe)>M17 (10,000 - Indo-European and steppes). M17 is defined as the Kurgan/Scythian culture.
These results place the Y-DNA paternal lineage in Haplogroup R1a1 (aka Hg3 or Eu19) at Haplotype #8, which is a Slavic line common in Poland. This Haplogroup derives from M173 - an ancient Eurasiatic marker that was brought by or arose in the group "Homo sapiens sapiens", who entered Europe from east to west about 40,000 to 35,000 years ago, spreading the Aurignac culture. This group appeared almost simultaneously in Siberia, from which groups eventually migrated to the Americas. The Aurignac settlement in Europe predates the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).
Eu19 Paleolithic population group retreated into the Ukrainian Ice Age Refuge during the glacial period (20,000 to 13,000 years ago). After the Ice Age they moved out of the refuge and expanded rapidly from the Ukraine. Subsequent transmigrations resulted in elements of this group returning to that area from Central Asia.
Antecedents to our line are grounded in the Kurgan culture, which comprised a pre-Celtic people from whom the Celts evolved. Between 2400 and 2300 B.C. the people of this newly evolved culture invaded into the territory of the Trans-Caucasians and developed into the Indo-Europeans. The Scythians were an outgrowth of the Kurgans. From about 700 B.C. the territory of the nomadic Scythians extended from the edges of Europe to the Great Wall of China. Scythian history has been traditionally linked with Slavic history, but Scythian art has strong connections with Celtic, ancient Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon art. Interestingly, Scythian ornaments also show similarities with American Indian art. When gems are used in Scythian ornaments, the gem most frequently used is turquoise. The turquoise stone and things "Turkic" both derive from the same term. In both Turkish and Navajo legends the first man is stated to have been made of turquoise.
The TURK surname is somewhat atypical in that it carries within itself the potential for geo-political origins and interpretations. Most likely the surname derives from a place name - the town and district of Turek in Poland, which was also the most likely original spelling of the surname - prior to a Germanization process. What is unknown is how the town of Turek derived its name. The first mention of this town name is dated to about 1136. It may be more than coincidence that the great Muslim champion Saladin enters the world stage at about this same time. This might suggest a tie between the name of the town and district of Turek to the Turkic world.
Y-DNA evidence suggests a possible genetic tie to the Sorbs. R1a1 is also prevalent among Ashkenazi-Levites (52%) and possibly indicates a descent from the Khazars. While there is no historical evidence tying the Khazars into Polish Jewry, there is acceptance that something less than 10% of Eastern European Ashkenazim have a Khazarian ancestry. The Eu19 haplogroup, which is associated with 54-60% of Eastern Europeans is possibly the consequence of genetic influences from Central Asia. These could be the same influences that resulted in 12.7% of Ashkenazi Jews belonging to this same haplogroup.
TONI’S DNA PRINTS
A 2.0 DNA Print (based on 70 markers) reveals an ancestry that is 85% European and 15% (+/-2.5%) American Indian. A 2.5 DNA Print (based on 176 markers) reveals an ancestry that is 98% European and 2% East Asian/Native American. The Euro 1.0 (based on 320 markers) reveals a European ancestry that is 53% Northern European, 25% Southeastern European, 12% South Asian and 10% Middle Eastern.
Japanese researchers have established that dry earwax derives from a single gene, dubbed ABCC11. Dry earwax is highest in China and Korea. It is estimated that 100% of the Chinese have this characteristic. In declining order other national concentrations are: Japan 69%, India 54%, American Indian 30%, Pacific Islanders 14%, and Russia 5%. For all practical purposes it is non-existent in other Europeans. This is noted because Toni and at least one of his siblings (Vicki) share this characteristic. It would appear that this derives from their known American Indian heritage.
TONI’S mtDNA
Toni’s mtDNA is "Helena" (H2). Toni's maternal line traces to Margaret Paulin [1680-1739] born in King and Queen Co., Virginia. DNA results: HVR1 Haplogroup - H2; HVR1 Mutations - 16256T, 16354T.
SOUTHERN (Y-DNA)
Y-DNA results show that Preston Ford SOUTHERN's Y-DNA was Haplogroup R1b1b2a1b5 (shorthand R-L21). A 67-marker Y-DNA test analyzed by Family Tree DNA reveals the following - (Locus/DYS#/Alleles) 1/393/13, 2/390/25, 3/19(394)/14, 4/391/12, 5/385a/11, 6/385b/14, 7/426/12, 8/388/12, 9/439/13, 10/389-1/13, 11/392/13, 12/389-2/29, 13/458/16, 14/459a/9, 15/459b/9, 16/455/11, 17/454/11, 18/447/25, 19/437/15, 20/448/20, 21/449/30, 22/464a/15, 23/464b/16, 24/464c/17, 25/464d/17, 26/460/11, 27/GATA H4/11, 28/YCAIIa/19, 29/YCAIIb/23, 30/456/16, 31/607/15, 32/576/19, 33/570/19, 34/CDYa/35, 35/CDYb/37, 36/442/11, 37/438/12, 38/531/11, 39/578/9, 40/395S1a/15, 41/395S1b/16, 42/590/8, 43/537/10, 44/641/10, 45/472/8, 46/406S1/10, 47/511/10, 48/425/12, 49/413a/23, 50/413b/23, 51/557/15, 52/594/11, 53/436/12, 54/490/13, 55/534/17, 56/450/8, 57/444/12, 58/481/23, 59/520/20, 60/446/13, 61/617/12, 62/568/11, 63/487/14, 64/572/11, 65/640/11, 66/492/12, 67/565/12.
[SNP Test: L21+L23+P312+L1-M222-M37-P66-U106-U152-]
Y-DNA further establishes that he descends from Thomas SOUTHARD, who was born 1615 in Leiden, Zuid Holland, Netherlands and died in 1688 in Hempstead, Nassau, NY. Y-DNA further shows that his line traces to Exeter, Devon, England.
Our TURK surname is ultimately of Polish origin. Germanized Poles constitute about 1/8th of Toni’s ethnic heritage. A similar ethnic contribution comes from the Swiss. At least ½ of his background stems from England. These ethnicities account for 3/4th of his ancestry. The remaining 1/4th is divided between the French, Germans, Scots and American Indian. His maternal line traces to Margaret Paulding (1680-1739), who was born in King and Queen County, Virginia - daughter of Henry Paulding.
